What is item-specific processing?
One type of elaboration, known as item-specific processing, emphasizes the distinctive features of each ad claim. A second type, called relational processing, highlights similarities (e.g., common themes) that link various ad claims. to advertising messages (Childers and Houston 1984; Kisielius and Sternthal 1986).
What is relational processing?
Relational processing refers to the encoding of similarities among a class of events and individual-item processing refers to encoding of item-specific information.
Does relational processing help recognition?
To the extent that familiarity is used less as a basis for responding in free recall than in recognition, relational processing ironically reduces rather than increases the DRM illusion in recall.
What is item-specific encoding?
Item-specific encoding was operationalized by presenting single items and prompting participants to decide whether each was living or nonliving. Studies have shown that, although both processes are effective, they tend to have different effects on memory.
Is free recall effective?
After a short delay, learners completed either a final free recall test or a final recognition test. Free recall practice outperformed recognition practice on the final free recall test and showed a numerical advantage on the final recognition test.
What is the difference between free recall and cued recall?
In free recall, that is the only instruction given and there are no “hints” given for individual studied items. In cued recall, subjects are given retrieval cues meant to remind them of studied items with the goal of assisting recall. In both cases, memory is measured as the number of items recalled correctly.
Is recall more effective than recognition?
you would use a process of recall to retrieve the right answer from your memory. Recognition is easier than recall because it involves more cues: all those cues spread activation to related information in memory, raise the answer’s activation, and make you more likely to pick it.
What is the difference between reconstructive processes and confabulation?
In the regular process of reconstruction, several sources are used to accrue information and add detail to memory. For patients producing confabulations, some key sources of information are missing and so other sources are used to produce a cohesive, internally consistent, and often believable false memory.
Why is recognition faster than recall?
Recognition vs. Recall. you would use a process of recall to retrieve the right answer from your memory. Recognition is easier than recall because it involves more cues: all those cues spread activation to related information in memory, raise the answer’s activation, and make you more likely to pick it.
What is the difference between retrieval and recall?
Introduction. Memory recall or retrieval is remembering the information or events that were previously encoded and stored in the brain. Retrieval is the third step in the processing of memory, with first being the encoding of memory and second, being the storage of the memory.
Is episodic memory reconstructive?
2. Memory as Tethered Reconstruction Experimentally manipulable misremembering, including the inducement of completely false memories (Loftus 1996, 1997), is part of the evidence that has persuaded psychologists (starting with Bartlett 1932) that episodic memory is largely a matter of reconstruction.
